Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
1. Gabatarwa
Yarjejeniyar Tabbatar da Aiki (PoW) ta kasance ginshiƙin tsarin blockchain mara izini tun lokacin da aka gabatar da Bitcoin. Bincike na al'ada yana ɗaukar farashin hakar ma'adinai iri ɗaya, amma gaskiya tana nuna tsarin farashi daban-daban saboda bambancin farashin wutar lantarki, ingantaccen kayan aiki, da kuma yanzu, amfanin kayan aiki na waje daga lissafin aiki mai amfani.
Bayyanar Tabbatar da Aiki Mai Amfani (PoUW) yana gabatar da lada na waje don yin lissafin ayyuka masu amfani kamar horar da AI da ayyukan fassara. Wannan takarda ta faɗaɗa aikin [19] ta haɗa amfanin kayan aiki na waje cikin binciken ma'auni na hakar ma'adinai, yana bayyana sabbin halayen dabarun da abubuwan da suka shafi rarraba mulki.
Bambancin Farashi
Farashin hakar ma'adinai na iya bambanta da kashi 300-500% a fadin yankuna saboda bambancin farashin wutar lantarki
Lada na Waje
Ayyukan AI na iya samar da ƙarin kudin shiga kashi 40-60% bayan lada na toshe
2. Tsarin Ka'idoji
2.1 Tsarin Farashin Ma'adinai
Kowane ma'adinai $i$ yana da aikin farashi $C_i(h_i) = c_i \cdot h_i$ inda $h_i$ shine ƙimar hash kuma $c_i$ shine farashin kowane lissafi na raka'a. Bambancin a cikin ƙimar $c_i$ yana haifar da fa'idar dabarun ga ma'adanai masu rahusa.
2.2 Samfurin Amfani na Waje
An ayyana aikin amfani na waje na ma'adinai $i$ a matsayin $U_i^{ext} = \sum_{j=1}^{n} r_j \cdot x_{ij}$ inda $r_j$ ke wakiltar lada na waje don aiki mai amfani $j$ kuma $x_{ij}$ shine rabon albarkatun ma'adinai $i$ zuwa aiki $j$.
3. Binciken Ma'auni
3.1 Halin Hakar Ma'adinai na Dabarun
Ma'adanai suna haɓaka jimlar amfani $\pi_i = R \cdot \frac{h_i}{H} + U_i^{ext} - C_i(h_i)$ inda $R$ shine lada na toshe kuma $H = \sum_{i=1}^{m} h_i$ shine jimlar ƙimar hash na cibiyar sadarwa. Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa ma'adanai masu samun babban amfanin kayan aiki na waje na iya tattara ayyuka masu amfani a cikin toshe guda don haɓaka riba.
3.2 Ma'auni na Rarraba Mulki
Muna yin samfurin rarraba mulki ta amfani da entropy na Shannon: $E = -\sum_{i=1}^{m} p_i \log_2 p_i$ inda $p_i = h_i/H$ ke wakiltar rabon jimlar ƙoƙarin lissafi na ma'adinai $i$. Mafi girman entropy yana nuna mafi kyawun rarraba mulki.
4. Sakamakon Gwaji
Simulations ɗinmu sun nuna cewa lokacin da lada na waje ya wuce kashi 50% na lada na toshe, ma'auni na hakar ma'adinai yana canzawa sosai. Ma'adanai masu rahusa tare da amfanin kayan aiki na waje sun sami riba mafi girma kashi 70-80% idan aka kwatanta da ma'adanai na gargajiya. Entropy na rarraba mulki yana raguwa da kashi 15-25% a cikin yanayi na babban amfani na waje, yana nuna yuwuwar haɗarin tsakaita.
Hoto na 1: Ribar Hakar Ma'adinai vs Raƙuman Amfani na Waje
Ginshiƙi yana nuna haɓakar ribar ma'adinai yayin da rabon amfanin kayan aiki na waje ya karu daga 0% zuwa 100%. Ma'adanai masu fa'idar farashi ($c_i < \bar{c}$) sun nuna gefuna na riba sau 2.3 a rabon amfanin kayan aiki na waje na 80% idan aka kwatanta da ma'adanai masu tsada.
Hoto na 2: Entropy na Rarraba Mulki a Ƙarƙashin Yanayi Daban-daban
Kwatanta entropy na Shannon a cikin yanayi guda uku: farashi iri ɗaya (entropy = 4.2), farashi daban-daban ba tare da amfanin kayan aiki na waje ba (entropy = 3.8), da farashi daban-daban tare da amfanin kayan aiki na waje (entropy = 3.1). Amfanin kayan aiki na waje yana rage rarraba mulki da kashi 26%.
5. Tsarin Fasaha
Tsarin lissafi na ainihin ya faɗaɗa wasan hakar ma'adinai don haɗa amfanin kayan aiki na waje. Matsalar haɓaka ma'adinai ta zama:
$$\max_{h_i, x_{ij}} \left[ R \cdot \frac{h_i}{\sum_{k=1}^m h_k} + \sum_{j=1}^n r_j x_{ij} - c_i h_i \right]$$
Dangane da: $\sum_{j=1}^n x_{ij} \leq h_i$ da $x_{ij} \geq 0$
Wannan yana haifar da yanayin ma'auni: $\frac{R}{H} \left(1 - \frac{h_i}{H}\right) + \max_j r_j = c_i$
6. Misalin Tsarin Bincike
Yi la'akari da yanayi tare da ma'adanai uku: Ma'adinai A (farashi ƙasa, babban amfani na waje), Ma'adinai B (matsakaicin farashi, matsakaicin amfani), Ma'adinai C (farashi mai girma, ƙaramin amfani). Ta amfani da binciken ma'auni:
- Ma'adinai A yana ba da kashi 80% na albarkatun ga ayyuka na waje lokacin $r_j > 0.6R$
- Ma'adinai B yana bin dabarun gauraye, yana daidaita lada na ciki da na waje
- Ma'adinai C ya fi mayar da hankali kan hakar ma'adinai na gargajiya sai dai idan lada na waje ya wuce $0.8R$
Sakamakon rarraba ƙimar hash yana nuna Ma'adinai A yana sarrafa kashi 45% na ikon cibiyar sadarwa, yana haifar da damuwa game da tsakaita duk da mafi girman jimlar amfani.
7. Aikace-aikace na Gaba
Haɗa ayyukan AI tare da yarjejeniyar blockchain yana ba da dama mai mahimmanci. Hanyoyin gaba sun haɗa da:
- Algorithms masu daidaitawa masu la'akari da ƙimar amfanin kayan aiki na waje
- Raba aiki mai amfani na sarkar da yawa don hana rinjaye sarkar guda
- Tsare-tsaren tsari don tabbatar da amfanin kayan aiki na waje da binciken
- Hanyoyin yarjejeniya gauraye waɗanda ke haɗa PoUW tare da abubuwan tabbatar da hannun jari
Ci gaban baya-bayan nan a kasuwannin fassarar AI na iya haifar da ƙimar amfanin kayan aiki na waje sama da $50B nan da 2028, yana canza tattalin arzikin hakar ma'adinai gaba ɗaya.
Binciken Kwararre: Matsalar Amfani na Waje
Hankali na Asali
Wannan takarda ta fallasa babban tashin hankali a cikin tsarin PoUW: amfanin kayan aiki na waje yana haifar da ingantaccen tattalin arziki amma yana barazana ga rarraba mulki. Marubutan sun gano daidai cewa lokacin da ma'adanai za su iya samun lada mai yawa na waje, ma'auni na hakar ma'adinai na gargajiya ya lalace. Wannan ba ka'ida ba ce kawai - muna ganin wannan yana faruwa a cikin ainihin lokaci tare da kamfanonin AI suna shiga hakar crypto.
Kwararar Ma'ana
Binciken ya gina bisa ma'ana daga samfurin farashi daban-daban na [19], amma faɗaɗa amfanin kayan aiki na waje shine inda abubuwa suka zama masu haɗari. Tsarin lissafi yana nuna kyakkyawa yadda ma'adanai masu hankali za su inganta zuwa ga tsakaita lokacin da lada na waje suka mamaye. Ma'aunin rarraba mulki na tushen entropy yana da wayo musamman—yana ƙididdige abin da muka sani a hankali: aiki mai amfani yana mai da hankali ga iko.
Ƙarfi & Kurakurai
Ƙarfin takardar ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ingantaccen tushen wasan ka'idoji, mai kama da aikin tushe a cikin [18] wanda ya fallasa kurakurai a cikin ainihin binciken tsaro na Nakamoto. Duk da haka, marubutan sun raina abubuwan da suka shafi tsari. Idan kamfanonin AI za su iya sayen tsaron blockchain yadda ya kamata ta hanyar biyan amfanin kayan aiki na waje, muna kallon yuwuwar shiga tsakani na tsari mai kama da abin da muka gani tare da ICOs a 2018.
Bayani Mai Aiki
Ya kamata masu gine-ginen blockchain su aiwatar da takunkumin amfanin kayan aiki na waje da haraji na ci gaba na rarraba mulki nan da nan. Binciken ya nuna cewa ka'idoji suna buƙatar hanyoyin daidaitawa masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke amsa tattarawar amfanin kayan aiki na waje. Masu zuba jari ya kamata su kula da ayyukan PoUW tare da matakan hana tsakaita da aka gina a ciki - waɗannan za su yi fiye a cikin dogon lokaci.
8. Nassoshi
- Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Lantarki Peer-to-Peer
- Eyal, I., & Sirer, E. G. (2014). Mafi rinjaye bai isa ba: Hakar Bitcoin yana da rauni
- Carlsten, M., et al. (2016). A kan Rashin Kwanciyar Hankali na Bitcoin Ba tare da Ladan Toshe ba
- Ball, M., et al. (2017). Tabbacin Aiki Mai Amfani
- Zhu, J., et al. (2020). CycleGAN don Fassara Hoto zuwa Hoto
- Gidauniyar Ethereum. (2023). Sake Zuba Jari da Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha na EigenLayer