Hako Kudi na Dijital Ta Burauzar Yanar Gizo - Nazarin Yiwuwa da Bincike

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa

Hako kudi na dijital ta burauzar yanar gizo ya fito a matsayin madadin tsarin samun kuɗi don abun cikin gidan yanar gizo, tare da mai hako JavaScript na Coinhive da aka ƙaddamar a watan Satumba na 2017. Duk da alkawari na farko, fasahar ta sami mummunan suna ta hanyar satar kudi - hako ba tare da izini ba a na'urorin masu amfani da ba su sani ba. Wannan binciken yana nazarin yuwuwar ingantaccen hako burauza tare da ingantattun hanyoyin samun izinin mai amfani.

2. Hanyar Bincike

Binciken ya yi amfani da shafin yanar gizo na gwaji (hippocrypto.me) ta amfani da Coinhive don hako kudin dijital na Monero tare da mahalarta 107 masu son rai masu shekaru 18-55.

2.1 Tsarin Gwaji

Binciken ya kwatanta hako burauza da tallan nuni na gargajiya, yana auna abubuwan da masu amfani suka fi so, samar da kudaden shiga, da ƙwarewar mai amfani a dandamali na kwamfuta da na wayar hannu.

2.2 Tsarin Nazarin Masu Amfani

An gabatar da mahalarta tare da duka hanyoyin samun kuɗi guda biyu kuma an yi musu bincike game da abubuwan da suka fi so, tare da kulawa ta musamman ga hanyoyin samun izini da ma'aunin hashi da mai amfani zai iya daidaitawa.

3. Tsarin Fasaha

Hako burauza yana amfani da JavaScript don yin hashing na sirri kai tsaye a cikin burauzar yanar gizo, yana amfani da albarkatun lissafi na baƙo.

3.1 Hanyoyin Hako Kudi na Dijital

Binciken ya mayar da hankali kan hako Monero (XMR) ta amfani da algorithm na CryptoNight, wanda aka zaɓa saboda kaddarorin sa na ASIC-resistant da kuma dacewa don hako CPU.

3.2 Aiwarar Hako Ta Burauza

An aiwatar da ɗakin karatu na JavaScript na Coinhive tare da bambancin AuthedMine wanda ke buƙatar izinin mai amfani a fili kafin a fara ayyukan hako.

4. Sakamako da Bincike

Binciken ya bayyana manyan fahimtoji game da karɓar mai amfani da ingancin tattalin arziƙin hako burauza.

4.1 Kwatancen Kudaden Shiga

A halin yanzu hako burauza yana samar da kudaden shiga a ƙimar sau 46 ƙasa da talla na gargajiya. Duk da haka, ana sa ran wannan tazara za ta ragu tare da aiwatar da hako ASIC-resistant.

4.2 Ma'aunin Ƙwarewar Mai Amfani

Fiye da kashi 60% na mahalarta sun fi son hako burauza fiye da talla lokacin da suka karɓi rabin kudin dijital da aka hako, yana nuna mahimmancin saka hannun jarin mai amfani a cikin tsarin.

5. Bincike Na Asali

Nazarin yiwuwar da Venskutonis et al. suka yi yana wakiltar muhimmin bincike na hako kudi na dijital ta burauzar yanar gizo a matsayin madadin samun kuɗi na halatta. Binciken su ya nuna cewa idan an aiwatar shi cikin da'a tare da ingantattun hanyoyin samun izini, hako burauza na iya samar da madadin ingantaccen tsarin talla na gargajiya. Gano cewa kashi 60% na masu amfani sun fi son hako fiye da talla lokacin da suka karɓi rabin kudin dijital yana juyawa ga ka'idoji daga tattalin arziƙin ɗabi'a, inda shigar mai amfani da mallakar su ke ƙara yawan karɓa.

A fasaha, zaɓin Monero don wannan binciken ya yi daidai da kaddarorin sa na ASIC-resistant, yana mai da shi mafi dacewa don hako CPU na tushen burauza idan aka kwatanta da algorithm na SHA-256 na Bitcoin. Wannan hanya ta yi daidai da falsafar da ke bayan kudaden dijital masu mai da hankali kan sirri waɗanda ke ba da fifiko ga rarrabuwa da samun dama. Tazarar kudaden shiga na sau 46 idan aka kwatanta da tallan gargajiya, duk da yawa, dole ne a sanya shi cikin yanayin kasuwar kudin dijital mai tasowa da ingantattun ingancin hako.

Ta fuskar ƙwarewar mai amfani, ƙwarin gwiwar binciken akan ma'aunin hashi da ake iya daidaitawa yana nuna muhimman ka'idoji na hulɗar ɗan adam da kwamfuta. Kama da tsarin ƙirar app na yanar gizo mai ci gaba wanda ke ba da fifiko ga ikon mai amfani, wannan hanya ta amince da buƙatar bayyana gaskiya a cikin amfani da albarkatu. Binciken yana ba da gudummawa ga faɗaɗa tattaunawa game da madadin samun kuɗi na yanar gizo, musamman ma yayin da amfani da toshe-talla ke ci gaba da girma da kashi 11% a kowace shekara bisa ga Rahoton Toshe Talla na PageFair na 2023.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran madadin tsarin samun kuɗi kamar Alamar Kulawa ta Asali ta Brave ko API na Samun Kuɗi na Yanar Gizo, hako burauza yana ba da ingantaccen tushen sirri kai tsaye. Duk da hake, ƙalubale suna nan a cikin ingancin makamashi da aikin na'urar wayar hannu. Ci gaban gaba a cikin WebAssembly da ingantattun injunan JavaScript na iya haɓaka ingancin hako sosai, yana iya rufe tazarar kudaden shiga da tallan gargajiya.

6. Aiwarar Fasaha

6.1 Tushen Lissafi

Hako kudi na dijital ya ƙunshi warware wasanin sirri ta hanyar tabbatar da aiki. Wahalar hako tana daidaitawa bisa ma'aunin hashi na cibiyar sadarwa:

$Difficulty = \frac{Target}{2^{208}}$

Ana iya ƙididdige lokacin da ake tsammanin samun toshi kamar haka:

$E[T] = \frac{D \cdot 2^{48}}{65535 \cdot H}$

inda $D$ wahala ce kuma $H$ ma'aunin hashi ne.

6.2 Aiwarar Lamba

Aiwarar hako Coinhive na asali tare da izinin mai amfani:

// Fara AuthedMine tare da izinin mai amfani a fili
if (userConsentGranted) {
    var miner = new CoinHive.Anonymous('SITE_KEY', {
        throttle: 0.5, // Ma'aunin hashi mai iya daidaitawa ta mai amfani
        threads: 2     // Ƙidaya zaren da ake iya daidaitawa
    });
    
    // Fara hako kawai bayan izini
    miner.start();
    
    // Aiwarar rarraba kudaden shiga
    miner.on('found', function() {
        allocateUserReward(0.5); // 50% ga mai amfani
    });
}

7. Aiwatarwa Na Gaba

Fasahar hako burauza tana da yuwuwar aiwatarwa fiye da samun kuɗi na gidan yanar gizo:

• Tsarin Ƙananan Ciniki: Biyan kuɗi don samun damar abun ciki ba tare da kuɗin biyan kuɗa ba
• Ƙwararrun App na Yanar Gizo: Madadin tsarin kudaden shiga don PWAs
• Dandamalin Ilimi: Hako yayin koyo game da fasahar blockchain
• Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Abun Ciki Masu Rarrabuwa: Haɗaɗɗen hako a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin mutane

Ci gaban gaba zai iya haɗawa da ingantaccen ingancin makamashi ta hanyar ingantaccen WebAssembly, algorithm na hako na musamman na wayar hannu, da haɗawa tare da ƙa'idodin yanar gizo masu tasowa kamar API na Samun Kuɗi na Yanar Gizo.

8. Nassoshi

1. Venskutonis, S., Hao, F., & Collison, M. (2018). On legitimate mining of cryptocurrency in the browser – a feasibility study. arXiv:1812.04054
2. Narayanan, A., et al. (2016). Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies. Princeton University Press.
3. Coinhive Documentation. (2017). JavaScript Mining Library.
4. PageFair. (2023). Ad Blocking Report: Global Usage Statistics.
5. Monero Project. (2023). CryptoNight Algorithm Specification.
6. Zhu, J.Y., et al. (2017). Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks. ICCV.
7. W3C Web Monetization Working Group. (2023). Web Monetization API Specification.