Masu Arziki Suna Ƙara Arziki a Hakar Bitcoin: Bincike Kan Matsalolin Adalci da Rarrabuwar Blockchain ke Haifarwa

Table of Contents

• 1. Gabatarwa
• 2. Bayanan Baya da Ayyukan Da suka Danganci
  • 2.1 Tushen Hakar Bitcoin
  • 2.2 Rarrabuwar Blockchain da Adalci
• 3. Tsarin Ka'idar
  • 3.1 Ƙirar Lissafi
  • 3.2 Binciken TRGR
• 4. Sakamakon Gwaji
• 5} Aiwatar da Fasaha
• 6. Aikace-aikace da Jagorori na Gaba
• 7. Nassoshi

1. Gabatarwa

Bitcoin tana wakiltar tsarin kuɗi mai rarrabuwar mulki inda adalcin hakar ma'adinai yake da muhimmanci don hana tattara ƙarfin lissafi. Wannan binciken yana binciken al'amarin "Masu Arziki Suna Ƙara Arziki" (TRGR) a hakar Bitcoin, yana nuna yadda rarrabuwar blockchain da ba a yi niyya ba ke haifar da fa'idodi na tsari ga manyan masu haƙa.

2. Bayanan Baya da Ayyukan Da suka Danganci

2.1 Tushen Hakar Bitcoin

Hakar Bitcoin ta ƙunshi warware rikitattun wasannin sirri don tabbatar da ma'amaloli da kuma tsare hanyar sadarwa. Masu haƙa suna gasa don nemo ingantattun tubalan, tare da raba lada ga masu haƙa masu nasara. Ƙa'idar tana ɗaukar rinjaye masu gaskiya na sarrafa hashrate don tsaro.

2.2 Rarrabuwar Blockchain da Adalci

Rarrabuwar Blockchain tana faruwa lokacin da aka haƙa tubalan da yawa a lokaci guda kafin yaɗuwar hanyar sadarwa ta kammala. Binciken da Gervais da sauransu (2016) suka yi a baya sun gano matsalolin adalci masu alaƙa da rarrabuwa amma ba su da cikakkiyar cikakkiyar bincike.

3. Tsarin Ka'idar

3.1 Ƙirar Lissafi

Adadin ribar hakar ma'adinai $\rho_i$ don mai haƙa $i$ tare da rabon hashrate $h_i$ an ƙirƙira shi kamar haka: $\rho_i = h_i + \alpha \cdot h_i^2$ inda $\alpha$ ke wakiltar ƙimar fa'idar da rarrabuwa ta haifar. Wannan yana nuna fa'idar murabba'i ga manyan masu haƙa.

3.2 Binciken TRGR

Ƙarƙashin jinkirin yaɗuwar tubalan da aka gyara, mun tabbatar cewa ribar hakar ma'adinai tana ƙaruwa da yawa tare da rabon hashrate: $E[R_i] \propto h_i \cdot (1 + \beta \cdot h_i)$ inda $\beta$ ya dogara da sigogin jinkirin hanyar sadarwa.

4. Sakamakon Gwaji

Sakamakon kwaikwayon ya nuna masu haƙa masu hashrate 30% suna samun lada na ainihi 38% a ƙarƙashin yanayin hanyar sadarwa na yau da kullun. Bambanci yana girma tare da ƙaruwar jinkirin hanyar sadarwa da girman tubalan.

5. Aiwar da Fasaha

Python pseudocode don kwaikwayon rarrabuwa:

def simulate_mining_round(miners, network_delay):
    blocks = []
    for miner in miners:
        if random() < miner.hashrate:
            block = mine_block(miner)
            blocks.append((block, miner.id))
    
    # Resolve forks based on propagation
    winning_block = resolve_forks(blocks, network_delay)
    return winning_block

6. Aikace-aikace da Jagorori na Gaba

Hanyoyin bincike na gaba sun haɗa da haɓaka hanyoyin yarjejeniya masu jure wa rarrabuwa, algorithms masu daidaita girman tubalan, da ka'idojin hakar ma'adinai masu sane da jinkiri. Aikace-aikace sun faɗaɗa zuwa wasu cryptocurrencies na Tabbacin Aiki waɗanda ke fuskantar ƙalubale iri ɗaya na rarrabuwar mulki.

7. Nassoshi

1. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Lantarki na Peer-to-Peer.
2. Gervais, A., da sauransu. (2016). Kan Tsaro da Aikin Tabbacin Aikin Blockchains.
3. Sapirshtein, A., da sauransu. (2016) Dabarun Hakar Ma'adinai na Son Kai Mafi Kyau a Bitcoin.
4. Sankar, L. S., da sauransu. (2017). Zuwa Ka'idar Rarrabuwar Blockchain.

Original Analysis

Wannan binciken yana ba da cikakkiyar shaida na son zuciya na tsari a cikin rarraba lada na hakar Bitcoin, yana nuna yadda al'amarin "Masu Arziki Suna Ƙara Arziki" ya fito daga ainihin halayen yarjejeniya maimakon ƙarfin kasuwa na waje. Tsarin lissafi da Sakurai da Shudo suka kafa ya ginu akan aikin farko na Gervais da sauransu akan tsaron blockchain amma ya gabatar da muhimman ƙirƙira a cikin ƙirar yanayin warware rarrabuwa. Kamar yadda CycleGAN (Zhu et al., 2017) ta kawo sauyi ga fassarar hoto zuwa hoto ta hanyar tsara daidaiton zagaye, wannan aikin yana tsara daidaiton rarrabuwa a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar blockchain.

Dangantakar layi tsakanin rabon hashrate da adadin ribar hakar ma'adinai ($\rho_i \propto h_i$) a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ƙira tana bayyana matsin lamba na asali na tattarawa wanda ya saba wa ka'idar rarrabuwar mulki ta Bitcoin. Wannan binciken ya yi daidai da damuwar da ƙungiyar haɓaka Bitcoin Core ta ɗaga game da dorewar yarjejeniyar Tabbacin Aiki na dogon lokaci. Hanyar bincike, wacce aka tabbatar da ita akan bayanan ƙwaƙƙwaran daga masu binciken blockchain kamar Blockchain.com, tana wakiltar ci gaba mai mahimmanci akan hanyoyin bincike na baya waɗanda suka sha kurakurai fiye da 100% na kimanta.

Daga mahangar fasaha, hanyar "zagaye" na tushen tazara ta magance manyan iyakoki a cikin binciken rarrabuwa na baya. Wannan hanyar tana da kamanceceniya ta ra'ayi tare da binciken na tushen zagaye a cikin wallafe-wallafen tsarin rarrabuwa, musamman aikin Dwork, Lynch, da Stockmeyer akan yarjejeniya a cikin samfuran daidaitawa. Binciken ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin jinkirin yaɗuwa mai canzawa yana ba da haske mai amfani don inganta sigogin hanyar sadarwa, yana iya ba da labari ga ingantattun yarjejeniya a cikin Bitcoin da makamantan cryptocurrencies.

Tasirin ya wuce sha'awar ilimi zuwa ga yanayin tafkin hakar ma'adinai na duniya da la'akari da ka'idoji. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin Rahoton Kwanciyar hankali na Kuɗi na Duniya na 2021 na IMF, tattara hakar ma'adinai yana haifar da haɗari ga tsarin halittu na cryptocurrency. Wannan binciken yana ba da tushen lissafi ga waɗannan damuwa kuma yana ba da shawarwarin hanyoyin gyare-gyaren yarjejeniya don haɓaka rarrabuwar mulki, kama da canjin da Ethereum ke ci gaba da yi zuwa Tabbacin Rikodi.